1 Fedora gcc qemu kernel busybox 版本 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 ❯ fastfetch .',;::::;,'. zyuan@matebook .';:cccccccccccc:;,. -------------- .;cccccccccccccccccccccc;. OS: Fedora Linux 41 (Workstation Edition) x86_64 .:cccccccccccccccccccccccccc:. Host: MRG-WXX (M1010) .;ccccccccccccc;.:dddl:.;ccccccc;. Kernel: Linux 6.13.10-200.fc41.x86_64 .:ccccccccccccc;OWMKOOXMWd;ccccccc:. Uptime: 6 hours, 56 mins .:ccccccccccccc;KMMc;cc;xMMc;ccccccc:. Packages: 2258 (rpm), 15 (flatpak) ,cccccccccccccc;MMM.;cc;;WW:;cccccccc, Shell: bash 5.2.32 :cccccccccccccc;MMM.;cccccccccccccccc: Display (CSO1408): 3120x2080 @ 90 Hz (as 1782x1188) in 14" [Built-in] :ccccccc;oxOOOo;MMM000k.;cccccccccccc: DE: GNOME 47.5 cccccc;0MMKxdd:;MMMkddc.;cccccccccccc; WM: Mutter (Wayland) ccccc;XMO';cccc;MMM.;cccccccccccccccc' WM Theme: Marble-GnomeShell-blue-dark ccccc;MMo;ccccc;MMW.;ccccccccccccccc; Theme: Adwaita-GTK3 [GTK2/3/4] ccccc;0MNc.ccc.xMMd;ccccccccccccccc; Icons: Flat-Remix-Blue-Light [GTK2/3/4] cccccc;dNMWXXXWM0:;cccccccccccccc:, Font: Inter (12pt) [GTK2/3/4] cccccccc;.:odl:.;cccccccccccccc:,. Cursor: Adwaita (24px) ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc:'. Terminal: GNOME Terminal 3.54.4 :ccccccccccccccccccccccc:;,.. Terminal Font: FiraCode Nerd Font (12pt) ':cccccccccccccccc::;,. CPU: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1155G7 (8) @ 4.50 GHz GPU: Intel Iris Xe Graphics @ 1.35 GHz [Integrated] Memory: 5.78 GiB / 15.39 GiB (38%) Swap: 662.04 MiB / 8.00 GiB (8%) Disk (/): 102.50 GiB / 445.54 GiB (23%) - btrfs Local IP (wlp0s20f3): 192.168.31.86/24 Battery (AP16L5J): 99% [AC Connected] Locale: en_US.UTF-8 ~ ❯ gcc -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/14/lto-wrapper OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:amdgcn-amdhsa OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1 Target: x86_64-redhat-linux Configured with: ../configure --enable-bootstrap --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada,go,d,m2,lto --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --enable-multilib --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --with-gcc-major-version-only --enable-libstdcxx-backtrace --with-libstdcxx-zoneinfo=/usr/share/zoneinfo --with-linker-hash-style=gnu --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-14.2.1-build/gcc-14.2.1-20250110/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none,amdgcn-amdhsa --enable-offload-defaulted --without-cuda-driver --enable-gnu-indirect-function --enable-cet --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto --enable-link-serialization=1 Thread model: posix Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd gcc version 14.2.1 20250110 (Red Hat 14.2.1-7) (GCC) ❯ qemu-system-x86_64 --version QEMU emulator version 9.1.3 (qemu-9.1.3-2.fc41) Copyright (c) 2003-2024 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers ~/mywork/kernel ❯ ls busybox-1_37_0 linux-5.15.180 qemu rootfs
2 目录安排 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ~/mywork/kernel ❯ tree -L 2 . ├── busybox-1_37_0 ├── linux-5.15.180 ├── qemu │ ├── bzImage │ └── initramfs.cpio.gz └── rootfs ├── bin ├── init ├── linuxrc -> bin/busybox ├── sbin └── usr 65 directories, 43 files
3 编译 kernel 1 2 3 4 make mrproper # 清理 make menuconfig # 没有特殊的配置，可以去掉声卡的驱动支持 make -j4 # 4线程编译 # 成功后， 拷贝 arch/x86/boot/bzImage 到 qemu 文件夹
4 编辑 busybox 编辑成静态的bosybox，去掉 tc.c 的文件，这个文件不能和大于 6.8 的 kernel 一同编译。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Linux kernel 6.8 removed a number of traffic control related symbols from include/uapi/linux/pkt_sched.h [1]. When using kernel 6.8 headers, compilation of tc.c fails with: networking/tc.c: In function ‘cbq_print_opt’: networking/tc.c:236:27: error: ‘TCA_CBQ_MAX’ undeclared (first use in this function); did you mean ‘TCA_CBS_MAX’? 236 | struct rtattr *tb[TCA_CBQ_MAX+1]; | ^~~~~~~~~~~ | TCA_CBS_MAX [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231223140154.1319084-1-jhs@mojatatu.com/T/
1 2 3 4 make mrproper make menuconfig make make install
拷贝 _install 下的全部文件到 rootfs 下面
5 生成 rootfs rootfs 文件下新建 init 文件，写入内容：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 #!/bin/busybox sh /bin/busybox mkdir -p /proc && /bin/busybox mount -t proc none /proc /bin/busybox echo "Hello world!" export PS1='(kernle) =>' /bin/busybox sh
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 mywork/kernel/rootfs ❯ tree -L 1 . ├── bin ├── init ├── linuxrc -> bin/busybox ├── sbin └── usr 4 directories, 2 files mywork/kernel/rootfs ❯ find . -print0 | cpio -ov --null --format=newc | gzip -9 > ../qemu/initramfs.cpio.gz
6 启动 qemu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 mywork/kernel/qemu ❯ tree . ├── bzImage └── initramfs.cpio.gz 1 directory, 2 files
1 2 mywork/kernel/qemu ❯ qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./bzImage -initrd ./initramfs.cpio.gz -m 1G -append "console=ttyS0" -nographic
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 [ 0.000000] Linux version 5.15.180 (zyuan@matebook) (gcc (GCC) 14.2.1 20250110 (Red Hat 14.2.1-7), GNU ld version 2.43.1-5.fc41) #2 SMP Sat Apr 12 15:43:13 CST 2025 [ 0.000000] Command line: console=ttyS0 [ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000f0000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000003ffdffff] usable [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000003ffe0000-0x000000003fffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fffc0000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000fd00000000-0x000000ffffffffff] reserved [ 0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active [ 0.000000] SMBIOS 2.8 present. ...... [ 2.055352] PM: Magic number: 5:56:837 [ 2.056260] RAS: Correctable Errors collector initialized. [ 2.057524] clk: Disabling unused clocks [ 2.119959] ata2.00: ATAPI: QEMU DVD-ROM, 2.5+, max UDMA/100 [ 2.133881] scsi 1:0:0:0: CD-ROM QEMU QEMU DVD-ROM 2.5+ PQ: 0 ANSI: 5 [ 2.154184] sr 1:0:0:0: [sr0] scsi3-mmc drive: 4x/4x cd/rw xa/form2 tray [ 2.154589] cdrom: Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20 [ 2.175824] sr 1:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 5 [ 2.185060] Freeing unused decrypted memory: 2036K [ 2.244070] Freeing unused kernel image (initmem) memory: 3208K [ 2.244465] Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 34816k [ 2.246691] Freeing unused kernel image (text/rodata gap) memory: 2036K [ 2.247947] Freeing unused kernel image (rodata/data gap) memory: 1860K [ 2.445405] x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found. [ 2.445809] Run /init as init process Hello world! sh: can't access tty; job control turned off (kernle) =>[ 2.794868] tsc: Refined TSC clocksource calibration: 2495.967 MHz [ 2.795611] clocksource: tsc: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x23fa57e3ae7, max_idle_ns: 440795241954 ns [ 2.796305] clocksource: Switched to clocksource tsc [ 3.092059] input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/i8042/serio1/input/input3 (kernle) => (kernle) => (kernle) =>ps PID USER TIME COMMAND 1 0 0:00 {init} /bin/busybox sh /init 2 0 0:00 [kthreadd] 3 0 0:00 [rcu_gp] 4 0 0:00 [rcu_par_gp] 5 0 0:00 [slub_flushwq] 6 0 0:00 [netns] 7 0 0:00 [kworker/0:0-ata] 8 0 0:00 [kworker/0:0H-ev] 9 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:0-ev] 10 0 0:00 [mm_percpu_wq] 11 0 0:00 [kworker/u2:1-ev] 12 0 0:00 [rcu_tasks_kthre] 13 0 0:00 [rcu_tasks_rude_] 14 0 0:00 [rcu_tasks_trace] 15 0 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
-nographic does the same as “-serial stdio” and also hides a QEMU’s graphical window.
-append “console=ttyS0”: console=ttyS0 forces the guest kernel to send output to the first UART serial port ttyS0, which is redirected to the host by the -serial stdio option.
参考文献
How to Setup QEMU Output to Console and Automate Using Shell Script
Linux Kernel 从编译内核、制作 initramfs 到使用 QEMU 运行内核
